Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in Dogs

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where a blood vessel, called the ductus arteriosus, fails to close after birth. This vessel typically allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation, but when it remains open after birth, it can cause abnormal blood flow, leading to heart strain, congestive heart failure, and other serious complications.

Fortunately, PDA can be effectively treated using minimally invasive procedures that close the vessel and restore normal blood flow.

Symptoms of PDA in Pets

Signs of PDA can vary depending on the size of the defect, but common symptoms include:

• Heart Murmur: Often detected during a routine veterinary exam.
• Exercise Intolerance: Pets may tire easily or show signs of weakness during physical activity.
• Coughing: Caused by fluid buildup in the lungs.
• Difficulty Breathing: Resulting from pulmonary congestion or heart enlargement.
• Stunted Growth: Puppies with severe PDA may show slower growth rates.

How is PDA Diagnosed?

If you suspect your pet has PDA, your veterinarian may perform the following diagnostic tests:

• Physical Examination: Detection of a continuous heart murmur is a common first clue.
• Echocardiography: A heart ultrasound that confirms PDA by visualizing abnormal blood flow and assessing heart function.
• X-rays: Can reveal heart enlargement and signs of congestive heart failure.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures heart electrical activity to detect any arrhythmias associated with PDA.

Treatment Options for PDA

Early diagnosis and treatment of PDA are crucial to prevent severe complications like congestive  heart failure. Here are the main treatment options:

1. Minimally Invasive Procedures

These techniques use catheter-based methods to close the PDA, offering a quicker recovery time and fewer risks than traditional surgery. Our options include:

• Amplatz Canine Ductal Occluder (ACDO): A self-expanding nitinol mesh device deployed via catheter to occlude the PDA. This is the preferred option for dogs over 2.0-2.5 kg (4.5-5.5 lbs).
• Retrograde Vascular Plug: A nitinol mesh plug delivered through a catheter to block the PDA. This option works well for smaller patients, including dogs under 2.0-2.5 kg (4.5-5.5 lbs) and cats.
• Retrograde Coil Embolization: A metal coil is inserted via catheter to induce clot formation and close the PDA. This is suitable for small patients, including those weighing less than 2.0-2.5 kg (4.5-5.5 lbs) and cats.

2. Surgical Ligation

In some cases, PDA may require an open-chest surgery to isolate and tie off the abnormal blood vessel. While this is a traditional approach, it is more invasive and involves a longer recovery time compared to minimally invasive options.

Prognosis After Treatment

The prognosis for dogs with PDA is excellent when treated early. Most pets recover well and can live long, healthy lives after treatment. Without intervention, however, PDA can lead to severe heart failure, lung hypertension, and early death.

The Advantages of Minimally Invasive PDA Occlusion

1. Amplatz Canine Ductal Occluder (ACDO)

• Preferred choice for dogs over 2.0-2.5 kg (4.5-5.5 lbs).
• Minimally invasive with a quick recovery time.
• High success rate, specifically designed for canine PDA.

2. Retrograde Vascular Plug

• Ideal for small patients, including dogs under 2.0-2.5 kg and cats.
• High occlusion rate with minimal risk of complications.
• Quick recovery with minimal invasive effort.

3. Retrograde Coil Embolization

• Best for small patients (under 2.0-2.5 kg), including cats.
• Induces clot formation to close the PDA, effective for smaller defects.
• Fast recovery time and minimal risk of complications.

Conclusion

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a serious but treatable condition. If left untreated, it can lead to heart failure and reduced lifespan. However, with early diagnosis and the right treatment, your pet can enjoy a healthy, active life. Sawgrass Veterinary Cardiology offers advanced, minimally invasive PDA occlusion procedures tailored to your pet’s specific needs, ensuring the best possible outcome.

If you suspect your pet may have PDA, don’t hesitate to contact us. Our expert team is here to help guide you through the diagnosis and treatment process, providing compassionate care every step of the way.